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Product details
File Size: 74402 KB
Print Length: 97 pages
Publisher: Simon & Schuster/ TED (July 7, 2015)
Publication Date: July 7, 2015
Sold by: Simon and Schuster Digital Sales Inc
Language: English
ASIN: B00JSRQUUA
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This book has plenty of good information and speculation with only a few errors. This is a topic that is extremely difficult to write about without making any mistakes at all. It's quite possible to write accurately one day and have that accuracy destroyed by new developments and discovery before actual publication. It's hard to explain to those who have not tried, the incredible breadth of knowledge required to discuss travel to and living on Mars unless that person has attempted it. As one who has essayed this effort in both fact and fiction (see ETCJournal.com and Mars Rhapsody), I can tell you it's a tough job. This book does the topic reasonable justice.This book is designed to be read in a single sitting. As a result, it often does not plumb the depths of some topics. Quite a bit of the book details the history of the ideas of travelling to Mars, beginning with Wermer von Braun (pronounced: Verner fawn Brown).Petranek covers the psychological, economic, and physical issues involved in getting to and living on Mars rather completely. He spends some time on Mars One and Elon Musk, suggesting that the former is a very long shot due to funding issues (I agree) and that the latter is almost guaranteed to succeed for a variety of reasons (I agree again). He spends a bit too much space on slamming NASA, albeit with some good reasons. He even indicts Richard Nixon as the primary person responsible for us not reaching Mars already.As to the errors, they are relatively minor compared to the scope and thrust of the book. For example, the author writes, "When you run out of oxygen in a space suit, you can only breathe the carbon dioxide that you exhale for so long before you lose consciousness." In fact, you will die of carbon dioxide "poisoning" long before you use up the oxygen. Assuming that you are breathing regular air, oxygen is 20% of the content, and carbon dioxide is much less than 1%. By the time CO2 reaches 5%, O2 has dropped to just 15% because one CO2 molecule is produced for each O2 used. You have used up just 1/4 of the O2 available and are dead.Petranek is very correct about no animals on Mars. They are much too inefficient as a source of food. He remarks that early Martian settlers will be vegetrarians. They'll actually be vegans, meaning that special attention must be paid to vitamins D and B12. These are available from sources such as yeast, lichen, and mushrooms. He also says that settlers are unlikely to produce more than ten percent of their own food. This pessimistic view contrasts strongly with some of his other optimism. Advances in genetic engineering, aeroponics, and fast hybridization should alter this forecast considerably. Self-suffciency is not just nice, it's a necessity.The remarks on radiation are fairly accurate. Everyone should understand that radiation in space is about twice as harmful as that on Mars because cosmic rays come from all directions and are shielded from half of the cosmic sphere by Mars itself. Solar radiation also is shield half of the time, nighttime, by the planet as well.Another pervasive issue is oxygen and atmospheric pressures. We have to have an oxygen partial pressure of around 150 millibars or so to survive. This is the pressure at the highest cities on Earth and is less than 1/6 of the pressure of the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. Even if the entire atmospheric pressure were this low, your blood would not boil. Other physiological processes may not be so amenable to low pressures. However, we should find out how low the pressure can go if we keep the partial pressure of oxygen constant at 160 millibars. Lower pressures mean lower construction costs and also have strong implications for terraforming Mars. In my book, Mars Rhapsody, I took the most optimistic view that you could live at 160 millibars of total pressure with all of it coming from oxygen.The suggestion that plants can convert the CO2 into O2 in adequate amounts is way off. Mars has maybe 8-10 millibars of CO2. Converting it all to O2 would produce only that amount of oxygen, which is 20 or so times to low. Bacteria, lichen, and plants cannot "fix" Mars alone. We must have a much greater souce of O2. However, genetic engineering humans may be possible to make tolerating high CO2 levels and surviving with low O2 levels possible, but not without lots more O2 than you can get from plants.The potential for genetic engineering humans to make them more radiation resistant, able to eat and metabolize plants that grow on Mars, making them able, perhaps by making them smaller, able to subsist on a limited diet, and allowing them to breathe much thinner air is explored in the book. The question not addressed is when these altered humans become a different species. What if we populate Mars to save our species but do so in such a way as to create an entirely different species? Earth humans, as we know them, may not be able to emigrate to Mars after all.More discussion would be nit-picking. There's plenty in this book to recommend it. No one, even me, gets this entirely right, and no one knows all of the answers or even all of the problems. For a quick overview of how we'll get to Mars and how we'll live there, this is a very decent essay.
This little book is a fast, easy read, for which I give the author the first star. And grudgingly one more star for bringing further attention to a number of intriguing future possibilities regarding our neighboring planet. However, in doing so, he falls prey to various overly enthusiastic “visionaries†who have little appreciation for the challenges of what they claim may come to pass. A much more reasoned, balanced and comprehensive narrative is available in the more recent book, “Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet,†which was commissioned by National Geographic to accompany their TV series on MARS. As expected, the large format artwork and photographs of Mars are spectacular. But in his book, Petranek claims right away in his intro “the settlement of Mars is about to happen far sooner than most people realize.†Wrong, I’m afraid. The question, rather, is will some of still be alive by the time NASA and the world actually pony up to sending just a very modest crew of marsonauts to the surface of the red planet. The author takes his optimistic viewpoints from interviews with only those self-proclaimed visionaries who have never participated in any actual missions to Mars and tend to be naïve about the challenges. In the book, many issues are misrepresented. As if it isn’t enough for Elon Musk’s fanciful claims he will build a rocket that will loft one hundred people all the way to Mars (the Saturn V could only send 3 ‘nauts to the moon, with only a couple week’s worth of food, water, TP, etc.), Petranek claims he was told by Musk that he will send 80,000 settlers in a single trip (p. 33). Similarly, the author swallows the Zubrin claim that terraforming is a sure bet, and simple to accomplish. Something far less challenging would be ex post facto “fixing†global warming on Earth. Petranek seems uninformed that space-borne mirrors cannot simply remain stationary over a pole of Mars --- that works only at the equator. And, if it were feasible at Mars, wouldn’t entrepreneurs on Earth have conspired to convert Siberian permafrost into tropical farmland long ago? You don’t have to be a rocket scientist to see that many of these visionary proposals are far into the future, if feasible at all. The author is neither a scientist nor a rocket expert, but doesn’t mind opining, incorrectly, that there have been no advances in rocketry since the Saturn. The author seems to have researched only recent Mars exploration, attributing many of the discoveries originally made at Mars by the 1976 Viking missions instead to the rovers exploring the landscape decades later. Several statements are blatantly ignorant of fundamental scientific facts, such as the claim that hydration of nitrates releases nitrogen, when it is the nitrate that is the fertilizer for plants and the nitrogen in the atmosphere is useless except in special cases involving bacteria. Or, that the problem with Mars is distance, when it actually is time (once we blast off a rocket from Earth to go to Mars, it is coasting virtually the entire distance, but you cannot speed up the transfer without sacrificing the amount of mass that you can transfer). There are better books available to get a glimpse of what Mars could provide in our future. If this is the only one you read, and believe, you will be regrettably misinformed.
Short. Very short. But a great read and highly informative. Your kids (and certainly grandkids) are going to be living on Mars if they are rich and privileged. This tells the rest of us how they are going to thrive while we sweat it out under global warming, global flooding, global pollution (tell your kids to get tech degrees - now). Petranek lays out the basic challenges and how they will be overcome - and soon. Most exciting is the thought that many of us will see this come to pass and the book makes it abundantly clear that colonization of Mars is a reachable goal. What is especially valuable about the book is that it is a great primer for further research. The pages lead to a host of disciplines that will make life on Mars sustainable.
The author itemizes the various challenges associated with humans inhabiting mars, and the best thinking (to date) on how we'll be able to tackle them. There is some attention paid to the relative difficulty, and readiness to achieve each one.My personal conclusion is that some of the proposed solutions are unlikely to happen as described. Example: terraforming in order to release oxygen stored in surface ice to create an atmosphere presumes we can control the outcome precisely enough. But we (humans) can't seem to control the greenhouse gas emissions enough to minimize impact on the planet we have; how are we going to be any better at hitting a target on Mars?But, this was an interesting read nonetheless.
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